Antibiotic-loving bacteria don't just resist drugs, they get a kick out of them
By www.sci-news.com
A team of scientists at the University of Exeter, UK, exposed Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria to eight rounds of antibiotic treatment over four days and found the bacteria had increased antibiotic resistance with each treatment.
This had been expected, but the authors were surprised to find mutated E. coli reproduced faster than before encountering the drugs and formed populations that were three times larger because of the mutations.
This was only seen in bacteria exposed to antibiotics — and when the team took the drug away, the evolutionary changes were not undone and the new-found abilities remained.
“Our research suggests there could be added benefits for E.coli bacteria when they evolve resistance to clinical levels of antibiotics,” said University of Exeter Professor Robert Beardmore, lead author on the study.
“It’s often said that Darwinian evolution is slow, but nothing could be further from the truth, particularly when bacteria are exposed to antibiotics.”
“Bacteria have a remarkable ability to rearrange their DNA and this can stop drugs working, sometimes in a matter of days. While rapid DNA change can be dangerous to a human cell, to a bacterium like E. coli it can have multiple benefits, provided they hit on the right changes.”
Prof. Beardmore and co-authors tested the effects of the antibiotic doxycycline on E. coli as part of a study of DNA changes brought about by antibiotics.
The bacteria that subsequently evolved was safely frozen at minus 80 degrees Celsius and the scientists used genetic sequencing to find out which DNA changes were responsible for its unusual evolution.
Some changes are well known and have been seen in clinical patients, like E. coli producing more antibiotic pumps that bacteria exploit to push antibiotics out of the cell. Another change saw the loss of DNA that is known to describe a dormant virus.
“Our best guess is that losing viral DNA stops the E.coli destroying itself, so we see more bacterial cells growing once the increase in pump DNA allows them to resist the antibiotic in the first place,” said study first author Dr. Carlos Reding-Roman.
“This creates an evolutionary force for change on two regions of the E. coli genome.”
“Normally, self-destruction can help bacteria colonize surfaces through the production of biofilms. You see biofilms in a dirty sink when you look down the plughole. But our study used liquid conditions, a bit like the bloodstream, so the E. coli could give up on its biofilm lifestyle in favor of increasing cell production.”
“It is said by some that drug resistance evolution doesn’t take place at high dosages but our paper shows that it can and that bacteria can change in ways that would not be beneficial for the treatment of certain types of infection. This shows it’s important to use the right antibiotic on patients as soon as possible so we don’t see adaptations like these in the clinic,” said co-author Dr. Mark Hewlett.
_____
C. Reding-Roman et al. 2017. The unconstrained evolution of fast and efficient antibiotic-resistant bacterial genomes. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 1: 0050; doi: 10.1038/s41559-016-0050
Source: http://www.sci-news.com/medicine/antibiotics-stimulate-bacterial-reproduction-04581.html
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Friday, May 29, 2026
When to Take a Sick Child to the Doctor
Knowing when a sick child needs medical attention versus when they can safely recover at home is one of the most common challenges parents face. Most childhood illnesses are caused by viral infections that resolve on their own without specific treatment. However, certain symptoms and situations require prompt medical evaluation to ensure serious conditions are not missed or worsening. High fever is one of the most common reasons parents seek medical care for children. In infants under three months, any fever of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit or higher requires immediate evaluation. In older infants and children, the degree of fever is less important than how the child looks and behaves. A child with a moderate fever who is alert, playing, and maintaining hydration is less concerning than a child with a lower fever who appears very ill, is difficult to arouse, or has difficulty breathing. Signs that always warrant prompt or immediate medical evaluation include difficulty breathing or rapid breathing, lips or fingertips turning blue, significant difficulty swallowing or drooling, extreme irritability or inconsolable crying, unusual drowsiness or difficulty awakening, a rash of small purple or red spots that do not fade when pressed, stiff neck, severe abdominal pain, repeated vomiting combined with diarrhea leading to dehydration, and any symptom that a parent feels is serious or unusual. For childhood infections that require antibiotic treatment but are not emergencies, telehealth evaluation and prescriptions are accessible through https://www.amoxilcompharm.com/. Common illnesses that typically do not require emergency care include colds and mild upper respiratory infections, mild ear pain without fever or concerning features, mild diarrhea or vomiting without dehydration, and minor skin rashes without fever or systemic symptoms. Telehealth evaluations can be appropriate for assessing many of these conditions. Trust your parental instinct. Parents know their child's baseline better than anyone, and persistent concern about a child's appearance or behavior, even without a clear identifiable symptom, is a valid reason to seek evaluation. For comprehensive pediatric illness guidance and child health resources, visit https://amoxicillina.online/ for accessible patient education.
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